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Test-Takers' Strategic Behaviors in Independent and Integrated Speaking Tasks
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Barkaoui, Khaled; Brooks, Lindsay; Swain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon – Applied Linguistics, 2013
This study investigated the strategic behaviors that test-takers reported using when responding to integrated and independent speaking tasks in an English oral proficiency test [the Speaking Section of the Internet-based Test of English as a Foreign Language[TM] (TOEFL iBT)] and the relationship between test-takers' strategic behaviors and their…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, English (Second Language), Speech Communication, Second Language Learning
Effects of Proficiency Differences and Patterns of Pair Interaction on Second Language Learning: Collaborative Dialogue between Adult ESL Learners
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Watanabe, Yuko; Swain, Merrill – Language Teaching Research, 2007
This study investigated the effects of second language (L2) proficiency differences in pairs and patterns of interaction on L2 learning, making use of both qualitative and quantitative data. We designed the study in such a way that four different "core" participants interacted with higher and lower proficiency "non-core"…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Scores, Language Proficiency
Examining Dialogue: Another Approach to Content Specification and To Validating Inferences Drawn from Test Scores.
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Swain, Merrill – Language Testing, 2001
Examines one aspect of the many interfaces between second language (L2) learning and L2 testing. The aspect is the oral interaction--the dialogue--that occurs within small groups. Discusses from within a sociocultural theory of mind, that in a group, performance is jointly constructed and distributed across the participants. (Author/VWL)
Descriptors: Dialogs (Language), Inferences, Interaction, Language Tests