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Barik, Henri C.; Swain, Merrill – 1975
The school performance of pupils in grades 2-4 of the French immersion program in operation in the Ottawa-Carleton public schools is evaluated in comparison with the performance of those in the regular English program. The results indicate that by the end of grade 2, pupils in the immersion program show the same level of cognitive development as…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Elementary Education, English, French
Barik, Henri C.; Swain, Merrill – 1974
The school performance of pupils in grades 1-3 of the French immersion program in operation in Ottawa public schools is evaluated in comparison with that of pupils in the regular English program. The results indicate that by the end of grade 1 immersion program pupils taught reading in French are found to lag behind their peers in the regular…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, English, French, Immersion Programs
Peer reviewedLapkin, Sharon; Swain, Merrill – Language Learning, 1977
Some empirical data are presented concerning the use of cloze tests to measure children's proficiency in a bilingual educational program. The subjects were grade five students in their sixth year of a primary French immersion program. (Author/CFM)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Cloze Procedure, Elementary Education, English
Barik, Henri C.; Swain, Merrill – 1978
This paper presents the findings of the last completed evaluation of a partial immersion program in St. Thomas, Ontario, which involves the use of French as the medium of instruction for half the school day and English for the other half, beginning in Grade One. Unlike the previous evaluation, in the current one a Canadian-normed instrument was…
Descriptors: Basic Skills, Bilingual Education, Comparative Analysis, Elementary Education
Peer reviewedSwain, Merrill; Johnson, Robert Keith – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1996
Analyzes how Canadian immersion education has developed from its origins to the present in terms of a cycle guided by the interplay between theory and classroom practice of second- language acquisition. Johnson responds by questioning the extent to which bilingual education theory and practices are universal or context specific. (38 references)…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Curriculum Design, Elementary Secondary Education, Error Correction


