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Peer reviewedSwain, Merrill – Canadian Modern Language Review, 1993
Some views on and implications of "the output hypothesis," which proposes that the process of producing written or spoken language results in language acquisition/learning, for immersion pedagogy and second-language learning are discussed. The role of collaborative learning is considered. (Contains 14 references.) (LB)
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Immersion Programs, Language Processing, Language Research
Peer reviewedSwain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon – Language Teaching Research, 2000
Focuses on the uses of the first language (L1) made by 22 pairs of Grade 8 French immersion students as they complete one of two different tasks: a dictogloss and a jigsaw. The outcome of each task is a story written by each pair. Proposes a coding scheme for the uses made of the (L1) and reports on an exploratory analysis intended to describe…
Descriptors: English, French, Grade 8, Immersion Programs
Peer reviewedSwain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon – Applied Linguistics, 1995
The results of a study involving 18 students from a grade 8 early French immersion class support the argument that in producing a second language, learners will on occasion become aware of a linguistic problem and modify their output. (41 references) (MDM)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Elementary Education, French, Grade 8
Lapkin, Sharon; Swain, Merrill – Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2000
Examined Grade 8 French immersion students use and accuracy of pronominal verbs within one of two tasks--jigsaw or dictogloss--while working in pairs. Two groups of students viewed a videotaped mini-lesson on pronominal verbs, while another two did not. Found that the mini-lesson had a significant impact on students' use of pronominal verbs in…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, French, Grade 8, Immersion Programs
Peer reviewedKowal, Maria; Swain, Merrill – Language Awareness, 1994
Examined the ability of Grade 8 intermediate and advanced learners of French to collaboratively complete a text reconstruction task, focusing on the students' discussion of the form of the message they were constructing. Results indicated that students gained awareness of gaps in their existing knowledge and links between the form, function, and…
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, French, Grade 8
Peer reviewedTarone, Elaine; Swain, Merrill – Modern Language Journal, 1995
This paper cites observational and interview evidence indicating that language immersion students in the United States and Canada increasingly avoid using their second language in peer interactions as they move into higher primary grade levels. Implications for immersion programs and teachers are discussed. (32 references) (MDM)
Descriptors: Elementary Education, FLES, Immersion Programs, Interviews
PDF pending restorationHarley, Birgit; Swain, Merrill – 1977
This pilot study investigates the performance in French of five English-speaking children, who are enrolled in their sixth year of a primary French immersion program in a Toronto elementary school. From speech data obtained in individual interviews, an analysis is made of the students' control of the French verb system. The subjects are found to…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingual Students, Bilingualism, Elementary Education
