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Swain, Merrill – Language Teaching, 2013
The scholarly literature about the process of second language (L2) learning has focused to a considerable extent on cognitive processes. Left aside are questions about how emotions fit into an understanding of L2 learning. One goal of this plenary is to demonstrate that we have limited our understanding of L2 learning by failing to take into…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Second Language Learning, Schemata (Cognition), Cognitive Development
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Brooks, Lindsay; Swain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon; Knouzi, Ibtissem – Language Awareness, 2010
In this study, framed within a sociocultural theory of mind, we explore the role of languaging in mediating between students' understanding of a grammatical concept and their written production of the forms related to that concept. The development of scientific concepts, in this case of the concept of voice in French, involves the use of language…
Descriptors: Language Usage, Grammar, Testing, Scientific Concepts
Swain, Merrill – 1971
A definition of bilingualism can include speakers of different languages as well as those who speak several dialects or several sub-varieties of dialects in the same language. Most speakers are able to practice code-switching, whether it is from language to language or dialect to dialect, and the processes involved in such a capability may be the…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Child Language, Cognitive Processes, Dialects
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Swain, Merrill; Brooks, Lindsay; Tocalli-Beller, Agustina – Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 2002
Considers recent research in which peer dialogue has been examined with the purpose of understanding its impact on second language learning. Reviews research from the perspective of a sociocultural theory of mind that claims cognition and knowledge are dialogically constructed. (Author/VWL)
Descriptors: Classroom Communication, Cognitive Processes, Dialogs (Language), Interaction
Bygate, Martin; Skehan, Peter; Swain, Merrill – 2001
This book brings together a series of empirical studies into the use of pedagogical tasks for second language learning, with a view to better understanding the structure of tasks, their impact on students, and their use by teachers. This edited volume starts with an introduction to the background and key issues in the topic area. Each section…
Descriptors: Applied Linguistics, Cognitive Processes, English (Second Language), Evaluation Methods
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Swain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon – Applied Linguistics, 1995
The results of a study involving 18 students from a grade 8 early French immersion class support the argument that in producing a second language, learners will on occasion become aware of a linguistic problem and modify their output. (41 references) (MDM)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Elementary Education, French, Grade 8
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Lapkin, Sharon; Swain, Merrill – Foreign Language Annals, 2004
One of the advantages of having students work in pairs on language-related tasks is that teachers and researchers can listen to what the students say as they carry out their assigned tasks. What they say offers insights into the students' beliefs about the target language they are learning and using, and reflects the cognitive processes they use…
Descriptors: Grade 8, Cognitive Processes, Immersion Programs, French
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Swain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon – Modern Language Journal, 1998
Provides support for a theoretical orientation toward viewing dialog as both a means of communication and a cognitive tool. Data to support this position come from an analysis of language-related episodes isolated in the dialog of two grade 8 French immersion students as they carry out a jigsaw task. (Author/VWL)
Descriptors: Classroom Research, Cognitive Processes, Cooperative Learning, Dialogs (Language)