European language-teaching theory and practice in retrospect covering the period from 1920 to 1970 are noted to be an amalgam of underlying disciplines, teaching methodologies, and technical aids. Chronologically presented, the "orthodoxy" of 1920-40 charts general similarities in the state of the art prior to a 10-year period of major…

Papers presented at the University of Birmingham, England, focus on teaching of a second language for the explicit purpose of facilitating the study of scientific materials written in English, French, and German. Articles include: (1) "Alternatives to Daffodils," (2) "English in the Teaching of Science and Technology throughout the World," (3)…

A cost-effectiveness study in the teaching of foreign languages would, if implemented, aim to determine the results of cost-effectiveness by the introduction of new aims, methods, and equipment; to estimate the efficacy of existing resources; and to examine any other means by which productivity per student-cost could be improved. The following…