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Direct linkToplak, Maggie E.; West, Richard F.; Stanovich, Keith E. – Developmental Psychology, 2014
We studied developmental trends in 5 important reasoning tasks that are critical components of the operational definition of rational thinking. The tasks measured denominator neglect, belief bias, base rate sensitivity, resistance to framing, and the tendency toward otherside thinking. In addition to age, we examined 2 other individual difference…
Descriptors: Trend Analysis, Taxonomy, Cognitive Ability, Thinking Skills
Peer reviewedKokis, Judite V.; Macpherson, Robyn; Toplak, Maggie E.; West, Richard F.; Stanovich, Keith E. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2002
Examined developmental and individual differences in tendencies to favor analytic over heuristic responses in three tasks (inductive reasoning, deduction under belief bias conditions, probabilistic reasoning) in children varying in age and cognitive ability. Found significant increases in analytic responding with development on first two tasks.…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Bias, Children, Cognitive Ability
Peer reviewedStanovich, Keith E. – Reading Research Quarterly, 1986
Presents a framework for conceptualizing development of individual differences in reading ability that emphasizes the effects of reading on cognitive development and on "bootstrapping" relationships involving reading. Uses the framework to explicate some persisting problems in the literature on reading disability and to conceptualize…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Educational Theories, Elementary Secondary Education, Individual Differences
