Publication Date
| In 2026 | 0 |
| Since 2025 | 0 |
| Since 2022 (last 5 years) | 0 |
| Since 2017 (last 10 years) | 0 |
| Since 2007 (last 20 years) | 2 |
Descriptor
Source
| Language Learning | 2 |
Author
| Sparks, Richard L. | 2 |
| Ganschow, Leonore | 1 |
| Humbach, Nancy | 1 |
| Patton, Jon | 1 |
Publication Type
| Journal Articles | 2 |
| Reports - Descriptive | 1 |
| Reports - Research | 1 |
Education Level
| Elementary Education | 1 |
| Grade 10 | 1 |
| Grade 9 | 1 |
| High Schools | 1 |
| Higher Education | 1 |
| Secondary Education | 1 |
Audience
Location
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Peer reviewed
Direct linkSparks, Richard L. – Language Learning, 2012
In this article, I describe studies conducted over 25 years with secondary and post-secondary L2 learners in the United States. The evidence from these studies shows that there are important connections between students' early L1 skills and their L2 aptitude and L2 proficiency and that individual differences in students' L1 skills in elementary…
Descriptors: Secondary School Students, College Students, Individual Differences, Language Research
Sparks, Richard L.; Patton, Jon; Ganschow, Leonore; Humbach, Nancy – Language Learning, 2012
The study examined whether individual differences in high school first language (L1) reading achievement and print exposure would account for unique variance in second language (L2) written (word decoding, spelling, writing, reading comprehension) and oral (listening/speaking) proficiency after adjusting for the effects of early L1 literacy and…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, Speech Communication, Spelling
