The relationship of astigmatism to reading and the possible detrimental effects it might have on reading were investigated. The greatest incidence of astigmatism was for the with-the-rule type ranging from .50 to 1.00 diopter. This type of astigmatism was induced in 35 seniors from the Los Angeles College of Optometry by placing cylindrical lenses…

Vision is so important to scholastic success that almost all states require by law some kind of vision testing of school children. The ideal visual screening program would involve the kind of test or tests a classroom teacher could administer and would be fast, thorough, and accurate. However, present commercial vision screening batteries fail to…