This report presents the results of a research effort that investigated the educational, social, and financial implications of declining school enrollments. Although the study focused on the Canadian province of Ontario, most of the report will be useful to school officials in other areas as well. Chapter 1 presents the background for the study by briefly discussing demographic and school enrollment trends for Ontario. Chapter 2, which makes up most of the report, presents nine case studies that illustrate different situations where a school board attempted to close a school in response to declining enrollment. Chapter 3 offers guidelines for school boards to follow in deciding whether or not to close a school, based on an analysis of the nine cases as well as other studies on declining enrollment. Chapter 4 reviews some of the research literature on declining school enrollments, with particular attention to the topics of enrollment trends, school size, costs, program planning and administration, and utilization of school facilities. (JG)