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Are Effortful and Reactive Control Unique Constructs in Young Children?
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Eisenberg, Nancy; Edwards, Alison; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Sallquist, Julie; Eggum, Natalie D.; Reiser, Mark – Developmental Psychology, 2013
The primary goal of this study was to examine whether effortful control (EC; effortful regulation), reactive undercontrol (IMP; e.g., impulsivity, speed of approach), and reactive overcontrol (NOV; inhibition to novelty) were 3 distinct constructs at 30 months (Time 1; n = 216), 42 months (Time 2; n = 192), and 54 months (Time 3; n = 168) of age.…
Descriptors: Children, Conceptual Tempo, Self Control, Inhibition
The Developmental Trajectories of Attention Focusing, Attentional and Behavioral Persistence, and Externalizing Problems during School-Age Years
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Zhou, Qing; Hofer, Claire; Eisenberg, Nancy; Reiser, Mark; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Fabes, Richard A. – Developmental Psychology, 2007
The developmental trajectories of attention focusing (by parents' and teachers' reports) and attentional and behavioral persistence (observed during a laboratory task)--2 indexes of effortful control--and externalizing problems from ages 5 to 10 years were examined for 356 children combined from a pair of 3-wave (2 years apart) longitudinal…
Descriptors: Persistence, Longitudinal Studies, Self Control, Attention Span
The Relations of Problem Behavior Status to Children's Negative Emotionality, Effortful Control, and Impulsivity: Concurrent Relations and Prediction of Change
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Eisenberg, Nancy; Sadovsky, Adrienne; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Fabes, Richard A.; Losoya, Sandra H.; Valiente, Carlos; Reiser, Mark; Cumberland, Amanda; Shepard, Stephanie A. – Developmental Psychology, 2005
The relations of children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors to their concurrent regulation, impulsivity (reactive undercontrol), anger, sadness, and fearfulness and these aspects of functioning 2 years prior were examined. Parents and teachers completed measures of children's (N = 185; ages 6 through 9 years) adjustment, negative…
Descriptors: Child Behavior, Children, Conceptual Tempo, Self Control
The Relations of Effortful Control and Impulsivity to Children's Resiliency and Adjustment
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Eisenberg, Nancy; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Fabes, Richard A.; Reiser, Mark; Cumberland, Amanda; Shepard, Stephanie A.; Valiente, Carlos; Losoya, Andra H.; Guthrie, Vanna K.; Thompson, Marilyn – Child Development, 2004
The unique relations of effortful control and impulsivity to resiliency and adjustment were examined when children were 4.5 to 8 years old, and 2 years later. Parents and teachers reported on all constructs and children's attentional persistence was observed. In concurrent structural equation models, effortful control and impulsivity uniquely and…
Descriptors: Conceptual Tempo, Self Control, Young Children, Child Behavior
The Relations of Regulation and Emotionality to Children's Externalizing and Internalizing Problem Behavior.
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Eisenberg, Nancy; Cumberland, Amanda; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Fabes, Richard A.; Shepard, Stephanie A.; Reiser, Mark; Murphy, Bridget C.; LoSaga, Sandra H.; Guthrie, Ivanna K. – Child Development, 2001
Examined relation of different types of negative emotion and regulation and control to 55- to 97-month-olds' internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Found that children with externalizing problems, compared to children with internalizing problems and nondisordered children, were more prone to anger, impulsivity, and low regulation.…
Descriptors: Anger, Anxiety, Attention Control, Behavior Problems
Relations of Young Children's Agreeableness and Resiliency to Effortful Control and Impulsivity
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Cumberland-Li, Amanda; Eisenberg, Nancy; Reiser, Mark – Social Development, 2004
The hypothesis that the relations of effortful control and impulsivity to children's agreeableness would be at least partly indirect through their resiliency was tested. Eighty-two children (M age = 58.67 mos.) were participants. Children nominated peers on agreeableness and completed a behavioral measure of effortful control. Teachers and a…
Descriptors: Conceptual Tempo, Self Control, Young Children, Personality Traits