The theoretical basis of most studies of identity development is Erikson's theory, which proposes that the achievement of a personal identity is the central developmental task of adolescence. Although Erikson mentioned the role of culture, no research has examined ethnicity directly as a dimension of identity. This study examined ethnic identity status and the relationship between ethnic identity status and other factors for three ethnic groups (Black, Mexican-American, White). Twenty undergraduate subjects from each ethnic group completed a questionnaire assessing ethnic identity status, ethnic evaluation, and personal identity status. Scores allowed an individual to be assigned to one of four ethnic identity statuses: diffuse, foreclosed, moratorium, or identity achieved. Ethnic evaluation was assessed in terms of ethnic pride and satisfaction with one's own group. Personal identity status was assessed from the ethnic identity measure. Results suggest the importance of ethnic identity status as a factor in understanding ethnic attitudes, particularly for minority groups. By late adolescence, more minority group than majority group members have thought about and made decisions concerning the meaning of their ethnic group membership, possibly precipitated by early negative feelings about their group and continuing conflicts with the mainstream culture. (ABL)