The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), also known as "The Nation's Report Card," is a congressionally mandated survey of educational achievement of American students in a variety of curriculum areas and of changes in that achievement across time. Part 1 of this report consists of the results of NAEP's 1990 national mathematics assessment of nationally representative samples of students in grades 4, 8, and 12. Part 2 consists of the results of NAEP's 1990 "Trial State Assessment Program," a voluntary eighth-grade mathematics assessment administered to representative samples of public school students at grade 8 in 40 participating states and jurisdictions. This is the first time NAEP has provided results by state. The Executive Summary (this volume) is organized as follows: (1) overall mathematics performance in the United States; (2) performance in the mathematics content areas for the nation; (3) mathematics performance by demographic subgroups; (4) home support for school; (5) mathematics performance at grade 8 in the states (based on the State Trial Assessments); (6) curricular emphases in content areas at grade 4 and 8 in the nationa and at grade 8 in the states; (7) curricular emphasis in skill areas at grades 4 and 8 in the nation and at grade 8 in the states; (8) student course taking at grade 12 in the nation; (9) summary of mathematics curriculum and course taking across the grades; (10) mathematics instruction at grades 4 and 8 in the nation and at grade 8 in the states (e.g., ability grouping, instructional materials, calculators and computers, student and teacher attitudes). (For a summary of results, see the abstract for the entire report.) (JJK/WTB)