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Willingness to Communicate in the L2 about Meaningful Photos: Application of the Pyramid Model of WTC
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MacIntyre, Peter D.; Wang, Lanxi – Language Teaching Research, 2021
Willingness to communicate (WTC) reflects an intersection between instructed second language acquisition and learner psychology. WTC results from the coordinated interaction among complex processes that prepare second language (L2) learners to choose to use their L2 for authentic communication. Prior research has revealed considerable complexity…
Descriptors: Photography, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
Thinking Fast and Slow about Willingness to Communicate: A Two-Systems View
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MacIntyre, Peter D.; Wang, Lanxi; Khajavy, Gholam Hassan – Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2020
How does a person decide whether she or he is willing to communicate? Dual-process theories have been influential in the literature on the psychology of making judgments and decisions. Dual-process theories make a distinction between cognitive processes that are fast, automatic, and unconscious (also called 'experiential' thinking) and those that…
Descriptors: Communication (Thought Transfer), Native Language, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Situated Willingness to Communicate in an L2: Interplay of Individual Characteristics and Context
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Yashima, Tomoko; MacIntyre, Peter D.; Ikeda, Maiko – Language Teaching Research, 2018
Recently, situated willingness to communicate (WTC) has received increasing research attention in addition to traditional quantitative studies of trait-like WTC. This article is an addition to the former but unique in two ways. First, it investigates both trait and state WTC in a classroom context and explores ways to combine the two to reach a…
Descriptors: Individual Characteristics, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, College Students
The Role of Gender and Immersion in Communication and Second Language Orientations.
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Baker, Susan C.; MacIntyre, Peter D. – Language Learning, 2003
Examines the nonlinguistic outcomes of an immersion versus a nonimmersion program in Cape Breton. Dependent variables included attitudes toward learning French, orientations for learning, willingness to communicate, communication anxiety, perceived communicative competence, and self-reported frequency of communication in both English a a first…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Foreign Countries, Language Attitudes, Second Language Instruction
Talking in Order To Learn: Willingness To Communicate and Intensive Language Programs.
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MacIntyre, Peter D.; Baker, Susan C.; Clement, Richard; Donovan, Leslie A. – Canadian Modern Language Review, 2003
Evaluates differences between immersion and non-immersion university-level students' willingness to communicate, communication apprehension, perceived competence, and frequency of communicating . Also examines elements of integrative motivation. Differences between immersion and non-immersion groups are observed in the communication-related…
Descriptors: College Students, Communication Apprehension, English (Second Language), Higher Education
Sex and Age Effects on Willingness To Communicate, Anxiety, Perceived Competence, and L2 Motivation Among Junior High School French Immersion Students.
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MacIntyre, Peter D.; Baker, Susan C.; Clement, Richard; Donovan, Leslie A. – Language Learning, 2003
Reports a cross-sectional study of second language communication among students in a junior high French late immersion program. Effects of language, sex, and grade on willingness to communicate (WTC), anxiety, perceived communication competence, and frequency of communication in French and on attitude/motivation variables are examined globally and…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Communication Apprehension, Communicative Competence (Languages), Cross Sectional Studies