This book is intended to introduce the classroom teacher and prospective teacher to the elements of measurement and assessment that are essential to good teaching. The main theme is that assessment plays an important role in the instructional process. This edition has been revised to reflect major changes in educational assessment since the last edition. The chapters are: (1) "Educational Testing and Assessment: Context, Issues, and Trends"; (2) "The Role of Measurement and Assessment in Teaching"; (3) "Instructional Goals and Objectives: Foundation for Assessment"; (4) "Validity"; (5) "Reliability and Other Desired Characteristics"; (6) "Planning Classroom Tests and Assessments"; (7) "Constructing Objective Test Items: Simple Forms"; (8) "Constructing Objective Test Items: Multiple-Choice Forms"; (9) "Measuring Complex Achievement: The Interpretive Exercise"; (10) "Measuring Complex Achievement: Essay Questions"; (11) "Measuring Complex Achievement: Performance-Based Assessments"; (12) "Portfolios"; (13) "Assessment Procedures: Observational Techniques, Peer Appraisal, and Self-Report"; (14) "Assembling, Administering, and Appraising Classroom Test and Assessments"; (15) "Grading and Reporting"; (16) "Achievement Tests"; (17) "Aptitude Tests"; (18) "Test Selection, Administration, and Use"; and (19) "Interpreting Test Scores and Norms." Eight appendixes contain supplemental information about topics related to assessment, standards, and published tests. Each chapter contains references. (Contains 48 tables and 59 figures.) (SLD)