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English (Second Language)	2
Intensive Language Courses	2
Second Language Instruction	2
Second Language Learning	2
Classroom Observation…	1
Communicative Competence…	1
Elementary Education	1
Feedback	1
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Language Awareness	1
Studies in Second Language…	1

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Lightbown, Patsy M.	2
Spada, Nina	2

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Journal Articles	2
Reports - Research	2

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Canada

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Do They Know What They're Doing? L2 Learners' Awareness of L1 Influence.

Peer reviewed

Lightbown, Patsy M.; Spada, Nina – Language Awareness, 2000

Reports on a study that examined the extent to which learners can make explicit first language rules that appear to influence their second language performance. The learners were 11- and 12-year-old francophone students learning English in intensive communicative English-as-a-Second-Language classes in Quebec. (Author/VWL)

Descriptors: Communicative Competence (Languages), English (Second Language), Foreign Countries, French Canadians

Focus-on-Form and Corrective Feedback in Communicative Language Teaching: Effects on Second Language Learning.

Peer reviewed

Lightbown, Patsy M.; Spada, Nina – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 1990

Investigation of the developing oral English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) skills of native French speaking elementary students in a five-month intensive ESL course found that teachers' use of form-focused instruction and corrective feedback influenced students' correct use of "-ing" structures and adjective-noun order. (47 references) (Author/CB)

Descriptors: Classroom Observation Techniques, Elementary Education, English (Second Language), Feedback