This book on the aspects of instructional processes focuses on control of student cognitive activity during instruction. Chapter 1 introduces the cybernetic approach to the theory of instruction. It is followed by a chapter on instructional effectiveness and efficiency. The third chapter discusses cognitive processes and thinking. Chapter 4 introduces the problems of algorithmization of instruction. It is followed by three related chapters: explanation of the relation between heuristic and algorithmic processes, a discussion of programed teaching of algorithmic and heuristic processes, and a presentation of algorithmization and heuristics in foreign language teaching. Chapter 8 outlines a general cognitive procedure for problem solving, and Chapter 9 reviews some defects in the cognitive activity of students which obstruct independent problem solving. Chapter 10 reviews the theory and methodology of programed instruction, and Chapter 11 discusses the diagnostics and programed instruction. The book concludes with a twelfth chapter on current problems in instructional technology. (CH)