The Cartesian theory of dimensionality (defined in terms of geometric distances between points in the test space) and Leibnitzian theory (defined in terms of order-generative connected, transitive, and asymmetric relations) are contrasted in terms of the difference between a factor analysis and an order analysis of the same data. (Author/CTM)

Order analysis is a measurement technique for the quantitative and generalizable description of complex structures. Relations between the manifest elements of a data matrix and its underlying latent entities and attributes are considered in terms of magnitudes as basic scale units. Magnitude is conceptualized as a difference relation, translated…

A method for computation of dominance relations and for construction of their corresponding hierarchical structures is presented. The link between dominance and variance allows integration of the mathematical theory of information with least squares statistical procedures without recourse to logarithmic transformations of the data. (Author/CTM)