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Hess, Frederick M. – Phi Delta Kappan, 2011
Good times are not just around the corner. Rather, at least for the next half-decade, educators are facing what Secretary Duncan has termed the "new normal." After three generations in which national, nominal per pupil spending went up every single year, learning to operate in an environment of flat or declining spending is a new challenge for…
Descriptors: Budgets, Expenditure per Student, Educational Finance, Retrenchment
Berry, Barnett; Hess, Frederick M. – Phi Delta Kappan, 2013
Extended learning opportunities have emerged as a useful way to rethink how schools are organized and funded. That includes reconsidering who teaches and how they go about their work. That effort should be guided by four key policy considerations and goals: 1. Reengineer the role of teacher. 2. Rethink K-12, higher education, and community-based…
Descriptors: Extended School Day, Program Length, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary Education
Hess, Frederick M. – Phi Delta Kappan, 2010
Greenfield is a term for an area where there are unobstructed, wide-open opportunities to invent or build. Greenfield schooling presumes that the greatest challenge to improving teaching and learning is the bureaucratic, rule-driven education system and that it is important to create an environment in which innovation can flourish.
Descriptors: Educational Objectives, Educational Improvement, Educational Environment, Educational Innovation
Hess, Frederick M. – Phi Delta Kappan, 2008
Neither the proponents of district-based reforms nor supporters of choice and competition can claim that their solutions have produced the schools that we want. To move forward, we must shake off assumptions that tried-and-true responses will deliver the reforms that schools need. To achieve the desired results will require fostering the…
Descriptors: School Restructuring, Elementary Secondary Education, Educational Change, Change Strategies

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