This paper provides a description of the history and advancements made in peace education during the past century. By the end of the 20th century, 200 colleges in the United States had peace studies programs and approximately 1 in 10 of the public schools had conflict resolution programs. The paper focuses on four challenges faced by peace educators today, including: (1) how to replace a military culture with a nonviolent culture; (2) how to convince policymakers and educators to put resources into supporting peace education; (3) how to produce research that demonstrates the value of teaching young people how to behave peacefully; and (4) how to develop peace building strategies in schools. At the beginning of the 21st century, peace education is being used to challenge stereotypes where there is a long history of humiliation, victimization, and ethnic, racial, and religious hatred. Peace educators concerned with violent behavior of youth use violence prevention strategies to help students learn how to avoid weapons, bullying, crime, and drugs. Peace educators need to help convince legislators, school boards, administrators, and general citizens to put resources into peace-building approaches to violence prevention. (Contains 43 references.) (JDM)