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Direct linkSanti, Kristi L.; Khalaf, Shiva; Bunta, Ferenc; Rojas, Raúl; Francis, David J. – Grantee Submission, 2019
This article examines the validity of IQ-achievement discrepancy and low-achievement as criteria for the identification of disabilities in Spanish-speaking ELs and the factors that moderate the validity of these approaches as bases for identification. While there has been a long history of examining the validity of different approaches to…
Descriptors: Intelligence Quotient, Spanish Speaking, English Language Learners, Disability Identification
Fletcher, Jack M.; Lyon, G. Reid; Barnes, Marcia; Stuebing, Karla K.; Francis, David J.; Olson, Richard K.; Shaywitz, Sally E.; Shaywitz, Bennett A. – 2001
This paper reviews research on the classification of students with learning disability (LD). It first examines the evolution of LD definitions and the evidence for three components of LD classification: discrepancy, heterogeneity, and exclusion. It suggests that classification hypotheses involving discrepancy and exclusion have weak validity and…
Descriptors: Classification, Definitions, Disability Identification, Elementary Secondary Education
Peer reviewedFletcher, Jack M.; Francis, David J.; Shaywitz, Sally E.; Lyon, G. Reid; Foorman, Barbara R.; Stuebing, Karla K.; Shaywitz, Bennett A. – Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 1998
Reviews the historical basis and rationale for identifying children as learning disabled due to a discrepancy between scores on measures of intelligence and achievement. Discusses the validity of such classifications and the role of IQ testing in the designation of children as learning disabled for research and public policy. Alternative…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Classification, Definitions, Disability Identification
Peer reviewedSchatschneider, Christopher; Carlson, Coleen D.; Francis, David J.; Foorman, Barbara R.; Fletcher, Jack M. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2002
A study involving 1,123 children investigated the relationship between naming speed and phonological awareness skills and the implications for the classification of children at risk of reading disability. Results found a positive correlation between naming speed and phonological awareness and indicate this relationship will affect any comparison…
Descriptors: Classification, Disability Identification, Educational Diagnosis, Elementary Education
Peer reviewedO'Malley, Kimberly J.; Francis, David J.; Foorman, Barbara R.; Fletcher, Jack M.; Swank, Paul R. – Learning Disabilities: Research & Practice, 2002
Poor readers who met low achievement and IQ-discrepancy definitions of reading disability (n=54) were compared with non-impaired readers (n=325) on development of eight precursor and reading-related skills. Results indicate no evidence for differences between the two groups of poor readers in the development on the eight skills, with three…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Classification, Cognitive Development, Disability Identification
