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Prediction and Stability of Mathematics Skill and Difficulty
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Martin, Rebecca B.; Cirino, Paul T.; Barnes, Marcia A.; Ewing-Cobbs, Linda; Fuchs, Lynn S.; Stuebing, Karla K.; Fletcher, Jack M. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2013
The present study evaluated the stability of math learning difficulties over a 2-year period and investigated several factors that might influence this stability (categorical vs. continuous change, liberal vs. conservative cut point, broad vs. specific math assessment); the prediction of math performance over time and by performance level was also…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Mathematics Skills, Learning Problems, Longitudinal Studies
Classification of Learning Disabilities: An Evidence-Based Evaluation. Executive Summary.
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Fletcher, Jack M.; Lyon, G. Reid; Barnes, Marcia; Stuebing, Karla K.; Francis, David J.; Olson, Richard K.; Shaywitz, Sally E.; Shaywitz, Bennett A. – 2001
This paper reviews research on the classification of students with learning disability (LD). It first examines the evolution of LD definitions and the evidence for three components of LD classification: discrepancy, heterogeneity, and exclusion. It suggests that classification hypotheses involving discrepancy and exclusion have weak validity and…
Descriptors: Classification, Definitions, Disability Identification, Elementary Secondary Education
Intelligent Testing and the Discrepancy Model for Children with Learning Disabilities.
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Fletcher, Jack M.; Francis, David J.; Shaywitz, Sally E.; Lyon, G. Reid; Foorman, Barbara R.; Stuebing, Karla K.; Shaywitz, Bennett A. – Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 1998
Reviews the historical basis and rationale for identifying children as learning disabled due to a discrepancy between scores on measures of intelligence and achievement. Discusses the validity of such classifications and the role of IQ testing in the designation of children as learning disabled for research and public policy. Alternative…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Classification, Definitions, Disability Identification
Relationship of Rapid Automatized Naming and Phonological Awareness in Early Reading Development: Implications for the Double-Deficit Hypothesis.
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Schatschneider, Christopher; Carlson, Coleen D.; Francis, David J.; Foorman, Barbara R.; Fletcher, Jack M. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2002
A study involving 1,123 children investigated the relationship between naming speed and phonological awareness skills and the implications for the classification of children at risk of reading disability. Results found a positive correlation between naming speed and phonological awareness and indicate this relationship will affect any comparison…
Descriptors: Classification, Disability Identification, Educational Diagnosis, Elementary Education
Growth in Precursor and Reading-Related Skills: Do Low-Achieving and IQ-Discrepant Readers Develop Differently?
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O'Malley, Kimberly J.; Francis, David J.; Foorman, Barbara R.; Fletcher, Jack M.; Swank, Paul R. – Learning Disabilities: Research & Practice, 2002
Poor readers who met low achievement and IQ-discrepancy definitions of reading disability (n=54) were compared with non-impaired readers (n=325) on development of eight precursor and reading-related skills. Results indicate no evidence for differences between the two groups of poor readers in the development on the eight skills, with three…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Classification, Cognitive Development, Disability Identification