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Direct linkNordness, Philip D.; Epstein, Michael H.; Cullinan, Douglas – Intervention in School and Clinic, 2013
A key issue in using the federal definition of emotional disturbance (ED) is the challenge of measuring five characteristics of ED (Epstein, Nordness, Cullinan, & Hertzog, 2002). Stated briefly, these five characteristics include: (1) an inability to learn; (2) relationship problems; (3) inappropriate behavior; (4) unhappiness or depression;…
Descriptors: Emotional Disturbances, Disability Identification, Classroom Observation Techniques, Measures (Individuals)
Peer reviewedEpstein, Michael H.; Nordess, Philip D.; Nelson, J. Ron; Hertzog, Melody – Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 2002
Two convergent validity studies of the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale (BERS) were conducted with primary students. It was compared to the Systematic Screening for Behavior Disorders and the Scale for Assessing Emotional Disturbance. The BERS demonstrated adequate convergent validity and is recommended for identifying students with special…
Descriptors: Behavior Disorders, Behavior Rating Scales, Disability Identification, Elementary Education
