There are selected psychologists who have contributed much toward studying problems in teaching and learning. They have suggested plans from research, carefully conducted, which enable educational practices to be set on more secure and justifiable grounds. The writer will briefly write about ten leaders, although there are salient others.

Careful consideration should be given to general and specific objectives before initiating a spelling program. (JH)

Emotions, feelings, and values are important in an individual's well being. If pupils possess quality attitudes, the chances are that cognitive objectives will be achieved well, as much as the individual can be capable of doing. The teacher needs to emphasize affective objectives in reading instruction. Learning opportunities to achieve objectives…

An increasing number of educators advocate the feeling dimension in learning. Quality emotions and feelings assist students in achieving optimally in the cognitive domain. Individuals who are hostile, negative, have short attention spans, and mistreat others in the classroom have more difficulty reaching their potential than other students in the…

Four issues concerning the social studies curriculum are raised and discussed in this paper. The first addresses the matter of scope in the curriculum. It is recommended that the student be the focal point in determining scope. Next, it is asked whether the goal of social studies should be that of preparing students for life or of helping students…

Teachers, principals, and supervisors need to determine the kinds of learners being taught in the school/class setting. Are pupils good by nature, bad, or neutral? Concepts held pertaining to each pupil assist in determining objectives, learning activities, and evaluation techniques. The Puritans believed that individuals were born evil or sinful.…

Reading in the content areas is a basic in the curriculum. The ability to read well involves a plethora of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Measurement of instruction involves the use of highly specific objectives in reading instruction. With a measurement philosophy of instruction, the following are important to consider: whatever exists, exists…

General principles of history instruction at the community college level are presented in this essay. Suggested criteria for the teaching of history include emphasizing relevant, vital subject matter in ongoing lessons and units, and encouraging students to utilize primary as well as secondary data sources. Potential philosophies that the history…

Of all levels of schooling, the high school receives by far the most criticism. There are continuous innovations recommended in journal articles, textbooks, and speeches at state/national conventions on ways to improve the secondary level of schooling. At one teacher education convention, the speaker was criticizing the American high school and…

This paper considers the role of realism, idealism, experimentalism, and existentialism in the teaching of reading. The paper first discusses realism, noting that reading specialists who are realists desire to have objectives stated in measurable terms--in state mandated tests the tests are to be aligned with the stated objectives. In idealism,…

Objectives for students are provided in this unit of study which suggests diverse learning that can take place in conjunction with a class field trip to a farm specializing in the raising of pigs. Following a brief description of specialization in United States livestock production, the unit lists factual information to be learned, e.g.,…

Learners may more readily achieve in the attitudinal dimension if mathematics teachers employ the following criteria: meaningful learning activities; interesting experiences in the school class setting; and purposeful as well as useful activities. (Author/JC)

The following topics and objectives are presented as essential for teachers, principals, and supervisors to study in working towards a modern elementary social studies curriculum: (1) objectives in the social studies; (2) trends in the social studies; (3) scope and sequence; (4) materials used in teaching; (5) readiness in learning; (6) number of…

Views the spectrum of opinions on curriculum issues as ranging from advocacy of measurable, programed, teacher-prepared objectives to advocacy of a flexible, limited, pupil-oriented framework. Also discussed are structuring the learning environment, existentialism vs behaviorism, process vs product, and other issues. (BP)