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Direct linkForsberg, Alicia; Guitard, Dominic; Adams, Eryn J.; Pattanakul, Duangporn; Cowan, Nelson – Developmental Science, 2022
We explored the causal role of individual and age-related differences in working memory (WM) capacity in long-term memory (LTM) retrieval. Our sample of 160 participants included 120 children (6-13-years old) and 40 young adults (18-24 years). Participants performed a WM task with images of unique everyday items, presented at varying set sizes.…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Short Term Memory, Individual Differences, Age Differences
Röer, Jan Philipp; Cowan, Nelson – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
In the cocktail party phenomenon, participants cannot attend to more than 1 stream of information, but sometimes detect their own name being presented in the irrelevant message during a selective listening task. Here we present a preregistered replication of the phenomenon, in which we also tested whether semantically unexpected words have a…
Descriptors: Attention, Listening, Individual Differences, Short Term Memory
Cowan, Nelson; Elliott, Emily M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
We used the timing of serial recall in several situations to reveal important aspects of recall groupings that participants construct and the reasons those groupings occur. We examined the timing of responses in the recall of digit strings within two published experiments. Cowan, Saults, Elliott, and Moreno (2002) examined memory for nine-item…
Descriptors: Serial Ordering, Recall (Psychology), Reaction Time, Short Term Memory
Cowan, Nelson – Child Development, 2021
The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 4th ed. includes two measures of working memory normed on children 2;6-7;7. The present analyses of the typically developing children (N = 1,591, 812 female, 779 male, with an ethnic distribution approximating the United States) provide new, theoretically important information about these…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Intelligence Tests, Young Children, Short Term Memory
Hardman, Kyle O.; Cowan, Nelson – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Working memory (WM) is used for storing information in a highly accessible state so that other mental processes, such as reasoning, can use that information. Some WM tasks require that participants not only store information, but also reason about that information to perform optimally on the task. In this study, we used visual WM tasks that had…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Short Term Memory, Models, Individual Differences
Cowan, Nelson; Hardman, Kyle; Saults, J. Scott; Blume, Christopher L.; Clark, Katherine M.; Sunday, Mackenzie A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Here we examine a new task to assess working memory for visual arrays in which the participant must judge how many items changed from a studied array to a test array. As a clue to processing, on some trials in the first 2 experiments, participants carried out a metamemory judgment in which they were to decide how many items were in working memory.…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Short Term Memory, Correlation, Performance
