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Why Are You Learning a Second Language? Motivational Orientations and Self-Determination Theory.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Noels, Kimberly A.; Pelletier, Luc G.; Clement, Richard; Vallerand, Robert J. – Language Learning, 2000
Assesses the validity and reliability of a scale of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for second language learning, and examines the relations between these types of motivation and the four orientations discussed by Clement and Kruidenier (1983). Results are discussed with reference to how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are relevant to…
Descriptors: Factor Analysis, Learning Motivation, Questionnaires, Rating Scales
Why Are You Learning a Second Language? Motivational Orientations and Self-Determination Theory.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Noels, Kimberly A.; Pelletier, Luc G.; Clement, Richard; Vallerand, Robert J. – Language Learning, 2003
Examined self-determination theory (SDT) in the language learning context. Involved the development of a valid and reliable instrument to assess different subtypes of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and explored the link between these motivational sub-types and various orientations to language learning. Showed instrumental orientation and the…
Descriptors: College Students, English, French, Higher Education
Orientations in Second Language Acquisition: I. The Effects of Ethnicity, Milieu, and Target Language on Their Emergence.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Clement, Richard; Kruidenier, Bastian G. – Language Learning, 1983
A study attempting to disambiguate earlier research on personality orientations and second language learning assessed the influence of ethnicity (English v. French), milieu (unicultural v. multicultural), and target second language (French, English, or Spanish) on the emergence of eighth graders' orientations toward the second language learning…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Educational Environment, English, Ethnicity
Sex and Age Effects on Willingness To Communicate, Anxiety, Perceived Competence, and L2 Motivation Among Junior High School French Immersion Students.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
MacIntyre, Peter D.; Baker, Susan C.; Clement, Richard; Donovan, Leslie A. – Language Learning, 2003
Reports a cross-sectional study of second language communication among students in a junior high French late immersion program. Effects of language, sex, and grade on willingness to communicate (WTC), anxiety, perceived communication competence, and frequency of communication in French and on attitude/motivation variables are examined globally and…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Communication Apprehension, Communicative Competence (Languages), Cross Sectional Studies