A promising approach to support students' math learning effectively, automatically and at scale within existing learning environments is conversational artificial intelligence (ConvAI). Although previous studies have suggested ConvAI's potential to guide, facilitate and enhance learning, its effects on students' conceptual change and academic…

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a method to evaluate a student's knowledge state (KS) based on their historical problem-solving records by predicting the next answer's binary correctness. Although widely applied to closed-ended questions, it lacks a detailed option tracing (OT) method for assessing multiple-choice questions (MCQs). This paper introduces…