The author argues that "to answer certain research questions the individual student (rather than the classroom) is the proper unit of analysis." Appended are approximately 38 references. (Author/AK)

It is argued that research on the nature of classroom interaction and on the relationships between such interaction and student outcome measures must use the student rather than the class mean as the basic unit of analysis. This is due to a number of factors: (a) students in the same classroom, no matter how homogeneous, show great individual…

This book is about the kinds of individual differences in students that make differential impressions on teachers, the ways that such differential impressions lead teachers to form differential attitudes and expectations regarding different students, and the ways that these differential teacher attitudes and expectations begin to affect…