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Rathouz, Margaret M. – Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 2011
In the elementary grades, students learn procedures to compute the four arithmetic operations on multidigit whole numbers, often by being shown a series of steps and rules. In the middle grades, students are then expected to perform these same procedures, with further twists. The Reasoning and Proof Process Standard suggests that students need to…
Descriptors: Arithmetic, Mathematics Instruction, Multiplication, Mathematical Logic