Presents a classroom technique for demonstrating the post-factum interpretation problem. Describes the various ways that students interpreted data concerning the percentage of men and women in traditionally female occupations. Discusses the various uses of this technique in both introductory and research classes. (KO)

Designed for language teachers who find reading statistical research difficult but necessary, this article focuses on the minimal knowledge needed about statistical techniques for interpreting research findings. It first examines the statistical reasoning underlying quantitative, empirical studies, including normal distribution, standard…