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Direct linkRichard L. Sparks – Multilingual Matters, 2025
This book traces and summarizes theoretical insights and empirical findings on the topic of whether or not anxiety for language learning could be a causal variable for individual differences in language learning. The author brings together three decades of research to show that first language (L1) skills and second language (L2) aptitude are…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Anxiety, Individual Differences, Language Skills
Peer reviewedGurzynski-Weiss, Laura, Ed. – Language Learning & Language Teaching, 2020
This book examines the role of interlocutors and their individual differences (IDs) in second language (L2) development from four theoretical lenses: the cognitive-interactionist approach, sociocultural theory, the variationist approach, and complex dynamic systems theory. A theoretical overview to each approach is written by a preeminent scholar…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Sociocultural Patterns
