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Download full textHolmes, C. Thomas – 1986
Meta-analysis of 17 studies was conducted to determine the effectiveness of retaining elementary school students in grade. Calculations with data from the 17 studies produced 217 effect size measures, most of which were measures of differences in reading and mathematics achievement. Some measures of differences in social adjustment, behavior, and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Demography, Educational Practices, Elementary Education
