In the area of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology and physiological psychology, issues of gender have only begun to be addressed. An examination of the recent literatures in I/O and physiological psychology was undertaken to document the extent to which women are used as research subjects, to determine whether or not research relevant to…

Reviews the changing characteristics of school effectiveness research from the 1950's to the 1980's, noting conceptual and methodological problems plaguing the research. States that future studies should define school effectiveness more carefully and thoroughly, and adopt more sophisticated research techniques for identifying process variables.…

A central problem in the area of research on the family is that of the relative inability of researchers to empirically test current theoretical models. Any theory regarding the influence of family characteristics and interaction patterns on developmental processes ought to provide for the confirmability of constructs and the replicability of…

This report reviews current literature on feedback and suggests practical implications of feedback research for educators. A definition of feedback is offered, and past definitions in prior research are noted. An analysis of the current state of knowledge of feedback discusses the historical development of feedback theory and suggests that…

Androcentrism, the practice of viewing the world and shaping reality from a male perspective, has created biases in organizational behavior theory that have led to imprecise, inaccurate, and imbalanced scholarship. This article analyzes gender bias in theories and studies in organizational behavior and discusses implications of the findings. (PGD)

In order to inform policy and programs, research on child abuse must be not only methodologically rigorous, but also practically feasible. However, practical problems make child abuse research difficult to conduct. Definitions of abuse must be explicit and different types of abuse must be assessed separately. Study samples should be as…

Obesity in children is a problem both insidious and acute. Childhood obesity has been indicated as a forerunner of adult obesity; it is also an immediate problem for the child. Given the lack of evidence for long term maintenance of any weight loss, this paper investigates the etiology of the disorder as a prelude to prevention. Upon review of the…

This paper reviews research on the relative utility of self-efficacy expectancy, outcome expectancy, and outcome value in explaining and predicting therapeutic behavior change. It proposes that these three cognitive mediators are basic factors in psychological and behavioral problems and in psychotherapy process, that they are logically…

This discussion of the role of research in improving systems for people with severe disabilities identifies flaws in current research, including problems of topics, methods, and analyses. Solutions proposed include: (1) linkage of quantitative and qualitative research; (2) democratization of research by including subjects as collaborators; and (3)…

This paper describes world perspectives on gifted education, focusing on definitions, identification procedures, and attitudes. It then examines key areas in gifted education that require further clarification and rigorous examination. (Author/JDD)

A survey of studies in the "Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders" and the "Journal of Speech and Hearing Research" found that only 12 direct replications and 15 systematic replications appeared in a total of 271 studies. Based on the probabilities of false findings in this literature, replication is recommended to verify…

A quantitative method, meta-analysis, is used to integrate research findings from a representative group of 38 coaching studies. Because different studies reported results on different scales, effect size was used to transform all results to a common metric. This meta-analysis showed that there are two distinct literatures on the effectiveness of…

Research has inadequately examined why health has become a problem in the day care setting. Health regulations for day care have not been researched in the day care setting per se but have been imposed on day care by the medical community working from a hospital model. Day care research has presumed that having antecedent health regulations in…

Kaplan (1964) describes the now classic distinction between "logic-in-use," the more or less logical cognitive style and procedures used by the educational scientist, and "reconstructed logic," the scientist's after-the-fact, explicit formulation and idealization of the logic and procedures. However, most technical documents…

Discusses results of two 1983 educational microcoputer use studies which indicate schools are acquiring microcomputers but lightly utilizing them, and concludes that this may be due to lack of research on the intelligent use of microcomputers. Research questions needing answers are noted and scarcity and problems of research are discussed. (MBR)