In many countries, colleges and universities are where the majority of innovative research is done; in all cases, they are where future scientists receive both their initial training and their initial introduction to the norms of scientific conduct regardless of their eventual career paths. Thus, institutions of higher education are particularly…

The National Science Foundation Division of Science Resources Studies (SRS) has a legislatively mandated responsibility for the collection, compilation, and analyses of information related to science and technology, inputs, outputs, and impact. This constitutes a broad charter requiring diverse activities. The products of these activities are of…