Three studies were conducted in order to determine the source and frequency of children's difficulties in subtraction and to examine different approaches to remediation. In the first study, third-grade children were asked to solve subtraction problems and were observed and questioned about their solution processes. Children who had difficulty…

Data are reported from the eighth individual interview conducted in 1981 with students participating in a 3-year study on addition and subtraction using verbal problem solving. Ninety-two third-grade children in two schools in Wisconsin that used the Developing Mathematical Processes program were individually administered l8 verbal problems that…

Recall of multiplication number facts is a major educational objective in elementary grades, yet some children never acquire total mastery. A microcomputer multiplication number facts training program was developed which incorporated programmed instructional features including feedback, positive reinforcement, vanishing, branching and pairing.…