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Assessing the Impact of Learning Environments: How to Use Student Ratings of Classroom or School Characteristics in Multilevel Modeling
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Ludtke, Oliver; Robitzsch, Alexander; Trautwein, Ulrich; Kunter, Mareike – Contemporary Educational Psychology, 2009
In educational research, characteristics of the learning environment (e.g., social climate, instructional quality, goal orientation) are often assessed via student reports, and their associations with outcome variables such as school achievement or student motivation then tested. However, studying the effects of the learning environment presents a…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Academic Achievement, Predictor Variables, Goal Orientation