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Direct linkKaufman, Julia H.; Silver, Daniel; Woo, Ashley; Gittens, Allyson D.; Polikoff, Morgan; Wang, Elaine Lin – RAND Corporation, 2023
Providing clear guidance to teachers is not a straightforward task for school systems: Teachers get information about what to teach and how to teach from many sources, some of which are beyond the control of school systems. When teachers get different, even conflicting, messages about what and how to teach from various sources, they likely…
Descriptors: Curriculum Development, Academic Standards, Alignment (Education), State Policy
Hout, Michael, Ed.; Elliott, Stuart W., Ed. – National Academies Press, 2011
In recent years there have been increasing efforts to use accountability systems based on large-scale tests of students as a mechanism for improving student achievement. The federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is a prominent example of such an effort, but it is only the continuation of a steady trend toward greater test-based accountability in…
Descriptors: Accountability, Measurement, Motivation, Elementary Secondary Education
Download full textCenter for the Study of Social Policy, 2008
As of March 2008, over half of U.S. states are facing projected budget shortfalls for the coming fiscal year. During economic downturns such as this, opportunities available to hard-working, low-wage families are diminished. These conditions create growing concerns for policymakers who must, with fewer state resources, enhance opportunities and…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Evidence, Policy Formation, State Policy
Deffenbaugh, W.S. – Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1922
The demand for Bulletin 1915 No. 44, School Administration in the smaller cities, having been so great that the supply was soon exhausted, and the demand for it still being great, a new-bulletin regarding the administration of schools in the smaller cities has been prepared. The information contained in it was collected by means of a…
Descriptors: School Administration, Urban Schools, Superintendents, Principals
