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Murphy, Georgene M. – 1985
This teacher's guide reviews the literature on grade retention and promotion to help teachers make decisions concerning students in the primary grades. A brief introduction provides a statement of the problem; outlines the purpose, organization, and limitations of the study; and presents a glossary. Annotated citations for 34 studies are…
Descriptors: Annotated Bibliographies, Elementary School Students, Glossaries, Grade Repetition
Peer reviewedWalden, John C.; Gamble, Lanny R. – Journal of Law and Education, 1985
Student promotion or retention is determined by various criteria: grades, student performance, competency tests, attendance records, and conduct. Representative court decisions bearing on each of the criteria are discussed, and guidelines for the development of promotion and retention policy are outlined. (MD)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Attendance, Board of Education Policy, Court Litigation
Bucko, Richard – 1986
Today's administrators must exercise caution in using student retention as a means of responding to changing social values and to the current media attention on declining standardized test scores. Recent reviews of hundreds of studies of student retention have concluded that some low achieving students do benefit from retention, but the majority…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Rating, Administrator Role, Decision Making
Download full textDeffenbaugh, W.S. – Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1922
The demand for Bulletin 1915 No. 44, School Administration in the smaller cities, having been so great that the supply was soon exhausted, and the demand for it still being great, a new-bulletin regarding the administration of schools in the smaller cities has been prepared. The information contained in it was collected by means of a…
Descriptors: School Administration, Urban Schools, Superintendents, Principals
