Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the challenges regarding learning in stakeholder relations in profit and nonprofit organizations. Design/methodology/approach: Conclusions and models presented in the paper have been designed based on the systems perspective, critical thinking and critical review of previous contributions.…

Competency-based education (CBE) has become well-accepted as a powerful way to personalize learning. Today's advanced technologies have enhanced CBE even further. Practitioners in the field are seeking means to take advantage of technology to increase CBE's effectiveness and efficiency, especially for adult learners. Microlearning and digital open…