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Peer reviewedGipson, Michael H.; And Others – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1989
Presented is a study in which students' intellectual reasoning development was evaluated following instruction that emphasized formal operations in a traditional lecture format. Results indicated that formal-operational students had significantly more success in the three reasoning areas than transitional students and transitional students had…
Descriptors: Biological Sciences, Cognitive Development, College Science, Formal Operations
Peer reviewedStrawitz, Barbara M.; Malone, Mark R. – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1987
Reports on a study intended to compare the effects of two methods of instruction designed to teach preservice elementary teachers to acquire and retain integrated science process skills. Results indicated that the self-instructional method was significantly more effective than the teacher-directed method. (TW)
Descriptors: Classroom Techniques, Educational Strategies, Elementary Education, Elementary School Science


