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| Academic Failure | 1 |
| Elementary Education | 1 |
| Elementary School Students | 1 |
| Grade Repetition | 1 |
| Student Promotion | 1 |
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| Instructor | 1 |
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| Berliner, David | 1 |
| Casanova, Ursula | 1 |
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Berliner, David; Casanova, Ursula – Instructor, 1986
Those who decide to keep a child in an elementary grade for an additional year do so despite very persuasive research evidence that negative effects consistently outweigh positive outcomes. Retention suggests the student is solely responsible and is therefore a punishment rather than a solution. (MT)
Descriptors: Academic Failure, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Grade Repetition
