As practitioners have expanded their understanding of the types of events that constitute trauma exposure, the epidemiological database on prevalence suggests that childhood exposure to violence may best be framed as a public health crisis. There seems to be little recognition from policymakers and legislators, however, that violence may be the…

Reviews the history of cartography. Describes the contributions of Strabo and Ptolemy in early maps. Identifies the work of Gerhard Mercator as the most important advancement in mapping. Discusses present mapping standards from history. (CW)

Professional liability is based on breach of duty in violation of a standard of professional care. Information professionals are potentially liable even though none have been sued to date. Precautions and liability insurance are available as possible safeguards. (EM)

Discusses recent trends of historiography, particularly efforts to include women and minority groups in U.S. history. Concludes that history that excludes portions of U.S. culture and ignores the experiences of segments of the U.S. population fails to fully explain the American experience to U.S. citizens and others. (CFR)

Reviews knowledge of the following three related areas of concern: (1) the portrayal of science and scientists in popular culture; (2) community attitudes toward science and scientists; and (3) student perceptions of scientists. The relevance of these three areas of concern for science educators is also addressed. (JN)

Presents priorities and strategies considered when developing a course on women and science at an Australian university. Suggests that the course will fill a gap in the history of science course offerings and address the contributions of Australian women scientists. Compares the experiences of two physicists: Joan Freeman and Rachel Makinson. (DK)

Scientific terms and names included in "Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know" are analyzed and geology related terms are listed. Some items not listed are considered. (RH)

An analysis of education, employment, and productivity of women in science today suggests ways to increase their contributions to tomorrow. Today's research in science education identifies specific changes in science curricula and teaching; practices in other countries suggest improvements in the marketplace. (Author/JN)

Discusses: (1) applications of chemistry problems encountered in the forensic science laboratory; (2) chemistry and the courtroom (inspired by a Sherlock Holmes story); and (3) the 41 women who have won the Garvan award for achievement in chemistry. (JN)

Traces the occupational and intellectual components of sociology's effort to win recognition as a science. Focuses on the model of science used and its limits. Argues that sociology, as quasi-science and quasi-humanities, should be maintaining the empirical outlook of a science while recognizing the impact of civilization on concepts and theories.…

In 1935 physicist Hideki Yukawa proposed the meson theory of nuclear forces. Background, influences, and chronology of Yukawa's work are presented and discussed. Yukawa was supported in his meson idea by Japan's strong emphasis on intuitive and creative approaches which are also evident in subsequent developments in that country. (DH)

Examines Gregor Mendel's family background, schooling, and the brotherhood of his monastery life for insights into how Mendel was stimulated to engage in plant hybridization, his precursors, and why he was successful in his endeavors. (RT)

Summarizes the development of the Earth's age calculation including the work of Archbishop Ussher, James Hutton, Lord Kelvin, Ernest Rutherford, Bertram Boltwood, and Arthur Holmes. Describes the changes in radioisotope dating methods. (YP)

Presented two models for educating engineers in information counseling and information management. Described the main aspects of the professional roles in these fields and which qualifications are required. A postgraduate program (Germany) which qualifies for these functions is illustrated. Alternative form of education in information science,…

Discusses the role and resources of planetary astronomy in planetary exploration. Identifies the categories of support made available by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and reviews the impacts of these findings on planetary researches. Analyzes the publishing habits of American astronomers. (ML)