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Gossin-Wilson, Will – Learning Point Associates, 2009
During the past decade, the percentage of proficient students (PPS) has become the primary indicator of school performance. Educators use the PPS to monitor changes in performance over time, compare performance across groups, and assess trends in achievement gaps. The PPS is relatively new, first used with the National Assessment of Educational…
Descriptors: Theory Practice Relationship, Achievement Tests, Educational Indicators, National Competency Tests
MacMillan, Donald L.; And Others – American Journal on Mental Retardation, 1995
The 1992 American Association on Mental Retardation definition of mental retardation is critiqued. The definition is seen as lacking precision and necessitating identification dependent upon assessment of behavioral dimensions for which there are no reliable measurement instruments. These problems, which are attributed to advocacy concerns, are…
Descriptors: Adaptive Behavior (of Disabled), Advocacy, Behavior Patterns, Definitions
General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Program Evaluation and Methodology Div. – 1993
In September 1991, the National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB) announced standards for basic, proficient, and advanced achievement in mathematics and reported that few American students had reached these standards. Expert reviewers noted technical problems with the NAGB approach and questioned its results. In this report, the NAGB…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Standards, Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education