Several decades of research have suggested a meaningful relationship between time and learning, where the amount of time students spend engaged in learning is strongly associated with their level of achievement. Among schools that have expanded the day and/or year, researchers have found that such a strategy can be quite effective, especially with…

This Pennsylvania project aimed to assess whether or not there are differences in educational opportunities for students and teachers in districts of varying size and wealth. After preliminary interviews with 182 teachers in 17 districts, a survey was distributed to 4,470 teachers--30 teachers in each of the 149 selected school districts. A total…