Developing critical thinking and self-confidence in speaking classes is essential for non-native English speakers learning English as a foreign language. This study explores the challenges and effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in speaking classes at Gajah Tunggal Polytechnic through qualitative analysis of student and lecturer…

Although research has shown that student engagement is strongly related to performance on assessment tasks, especially for traditionally underserved subgroups of students, increasing student engagement has not been the goal of standardized tests of content knowledge. Recent state and federal policies, however, are changing the assessment…