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Download full textCummings, Amy – National Education Policy Center, 2021
In recent decades, state policymakers across the country have turned to early literacy policies to address students' reading proficiency--particularly in third grade. Though states' policies vary widely in terms of the interventions and supports provided to educators and students, their intent is similar: to get students reading on grade level by…
Descriptors: Emergent Literacy, State Policy, Grade 3, Grade Repetition
Jane Arnold Lincove; Catherine Mata; Kalena Cortes – Maryland Longitudinal Data System Center, 2024
Beginning in the fall of 2017, Maryland severely restricted the use of out-of-school suspensions in grades PK-2. The policy presented a valuable opportunity to examine the effects of state-level discipline policies. This study researched the effects of the suspension ban on student discipline outcomes (e.g., number and frequency of different…
Descriptors: State Policy, Suspension, Discipline Policy, Student Characteristics
Capizzano, Jeff; Bhat, Soumya – National Governors Association, 2019
Early literacy has been elevated by governors across the nation as an indicator of success in school and in life. The 2019 Governor's Pocket Guide to Early Literacy underscores the importance of early literacy with compelling state examples of outcomes, initiatives and investments in early reading. This version is a brief, digestible guide that…
Descriptors: Public Officials, Emergent Literacy, Early Childhood Education, Reading Achievement
