This literature review explores the potential impact of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) on teacher efficacy and student achievement. Research conducted to date, focusing on increasing teacher efficacy and student achievement, has produced mixed results. Teachers continue to think, emote, and behave in unhelpful ways. REBT appears to provide a supportive framework for increasing teacher efficacy and potentially student achievement. School counselors can play a vital role in the dissemination of REBT through professional development. Research findings and theoretical implications are discussed.