The COVID-19 pandemic and related school closures led to unprecedented academic setbacks for all American students. In this third State of the American Student report, attention is turned to how the pandemic impacted--and continues to impact--special or unique populations of students, such as those with learning differences, English language learners, students with disabilities, students experiencing homelessness, and other vulnerable student populations. Data analysis points to a dysfunctional system that served these students badly before the pandemic hit and remains inadequate. This report highlights their challenges and calls on schools, policymakers, advocates, and philanthropists to enact systemic reforms that would benefit all students.