The purpose of this guide is to empower people to more effectively use data as information. To accomplish this, the publication explains what metadata are; why metadata are critical to the development of sound education data systems; what components comprise a metadata system; what value metadata bring to data management and use; and how to implement and use a metadata system in an education organization. The primary audiences for this guide include technology, program, policymaking, administrative, and data staff in state and local education agencies. However, it may also be useful to other education stakeholders, including anyone engaged in operations or decision making that depend on accurate, reliable, and timely information. Appended are: (1) Common Word Lists for Naming Metadata Elements; (2) The Tale of the "No Pass-No Play" Business Rule; (3) Metadata Standards and Registries; (4) Example of a Metadata Training Program; and (5) Additional Resources. (Individual chapters contain exhibits and notes.)