Academic integrity is a critical issue in online courses, where students are removed from their instructors in time and space. This article presents a model describing the steps that academic leaders and administrators should follow to implement systems that support academic integrity in online courses. Rather than identifying vendors, which…

When the Smithsonian Institution recently acquired a new financial management system, the concept of prototyping was used throughout the process, but in a broader sense than in software development. It was used to refine requirements, establish software management techniques, test a logistical system, and implement and apply the package. (MSE)