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Troia, Gary A.; Brehmer, Julie S.; Glause, Kaitlin; Reichmuth, Heather L.; Lawrence, Frank – Education Sciences, 2020
Data were collected for this study early in the school year to analyze the direct and indirect effects of word-level literacy skills (word recognition, spelling, and written vocabulary use) and handwriting fluency on writing quality across three genres of typewritten papers. We further explored whether typing fluency and text generation fluency…
Descriptors: Literacy, Achievement Tests, Writing Ability, Language Tests
Troia, Gary A.; Brehmer, Julie S.; Glause, Kaitlin; Reichmuth, Heather L.; Lawrence, Frank – Grantee Submission, 2020
Data were collected for this study early in the school year to analyze the direct and indirect effects of word-level literacy skills (word recognition, spelling, and written vocabulary use) and handwriting fluency on writing quality across three genres of typewritten papers. We further explored whether typing fluency and text generation fluency…
Descriptors: Literacy, Achievement Tests, English (Second Language), Writing Ability
Vadasy, Patricia F.; Sanders, Elizabeth A. – Reading Psychology, 2016
This study examined benefits of connecting meaning, speech, and print in vocabulary learning for kindergarten English learners. Students screened eligible with limited English proficiency were randomly assigned to two instruction conditions. Both groups received direct instruction in high frequency root words. One condition featured added…
Descriptors: Phonology, Vocabulary Development, Teaching Methods, Direct Instruction

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